Energy Use, Income and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Direct and Multi-Horizon Causality in Canada

Authors

  • Patrick Withey

Abstract

This paper explores the causal relationship between energy, emissions and income in Canada for the period 1960- 2005. This study explores these relationships using the Toda Yamamoto approach in a multivariate framework including labour and capital as auxiliary variables. We also test the hypothesis of indirect or multi-horizon Granger non-causality between these variables, since causal effects may occur more than one-period-ahead, as is assumed by the standard Granger non-causality test. We find that there is bi-directional direct causality between income and energy use in Canada, and no other channels of causality between the three variables. However, indirect Granger non-causality testing shows that there is bi-directional causality between all variables in the system. This result is contrary to other results in the literature, and has different implications for energy and environmental policy. Keywords: Energy use; Greenhouse gas emissions; Multi-horizon Granger causality; Canada. JEL Classifications: C12; C22; Q48; Q53

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Published

2014-03-08

How to Cite

Withey, P. (2014). Energy Use, Income and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Direct and Multi-Horizon Causality in Canada. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4(2), 178–188. Retrieved from https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/748

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